The compound interest formula
With compound interest, the interest you earn is added to your balance and then earns interest itself. The formula is A = P × (1 + r/n)^(n × t), where A is the final amount, P the principal, r the yearly rate ÷ 100, n how many times a year interest is compounded and t the number of years. The compound interest is A − P.
For example, ₹1 lakh at 8% a year compounded yearly grows to about ₹2,15,892 in 10 years, so you earn about ₹1,15,892 in interest. With simple interest, where interest is paid only on the original ₹1 lakh, you'd earn ₹80,000. Leave it for 20 years and it grows to about ₹4.66 lakh; for 30 years, just over ₹10 lakh. The longer the time, the bigger compounding's lead.
Regular deposits work the same way. The calculator adds each deposit at the end of its month or year, and from then on it grows at the same rate as the rest of your balance.